WGU C100 CH 6 NeoClassical Period Flashcard

WGU C100 CH 6 NeoClassical Period

Free Essays on Reality Found In Rip Van Winkle

Washington Irving’s â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† is a comedic, unordinary tale that raises some interesting points about reality. Despite the tale’s â€Å"fairy tale† like plot, the reader can relate and identify with the story’s sequence of events. In the very beginning, where Diedrich Knickerbocker is introduced, Irving is instilling a sense of reality to this short story. This character is an old, wise gentleman who is very curious of the Dutch history. He is a well-liked man whose opinion is respected. Adding this character provides authenticity to the story by making the reader respect his past writings and opinions. The main character, Rip Van Winkle, is a man to whom many can relate. He is well liked within his community, especially with children, â€Å"The children of village would shout with joy whenever he approached† (430). He is very lazy when it comes to doing any kind of work for himself or his family. His own farm is a disgrace. In fact, â€Å"it was the worst conditioned farm in the neighbourhood† (431). He is lighthearted and loved to help others when they need a helping hand. He is also a favorite of the good wives in town; he participates in the usual female gossip concerning â€Å"family squabbles.† These characteristics of Rip make him well liked by the reader. Later on, the reader feels sympathetic toward Rip for what he must deal with from his wife. Needless to say, Rip’s personality is not well appreciated by his wife, Dame Van Winkle. The reader gets the notion that Rip is not very good at the whole marriage idea due to the fact that Dame is his third wife. It is mentioned that a wife, â€Å"in some respects, be considered a tolerable blessing; if so, Rip Van Winkle [is] thrice blessed.† (430) Most fairy tales do not include multiple marriages, but these days this is common. Dame was constantly nagging him about his laziness, carelessness and how he was destroying the family. In reality t... Free Essays on Reality Found In Rip Van Winkle Free Essays on Reality Found In Rip Van Winkle Washington Irving’s â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† is a comedic, unordinary tale that raises some interesting points about reality. Despite the tale’s â€Å"fairy tale† like plot, the reader can relate and identify with the story’s sequence of events. In the very beginning, where Diedrich Knickerbocker is introduced, Irving is instilling a sense of reality to this short story. This character is an old, wise gentleman who is very curious of the Dutch history. He is a well-liked man whose opinion is respected. Adding this character provides authenticity to the story by making the reader respect his past writings and opinions. The main character, Rip Van Winkle, is a man to whom many can relate. He is well liked within his community, especially with children, â€Å"The children of village would shout with joy whenever he approached† (430). He is very lazy when it comes to doing any kind of work for himself or his family. His own farm is a disgrace. In fact, â€Å"it was the worst conditioned farm in the neighbourhood† (431). He is lighthearted and loved to help others when they need a helping hand. He is also a favorite of the good wives in town; he participates in the usual female gossip concerning â€Å"family squabbles.† These characteristics of Rip make him well liked by the reader. Later on, the reader feels sympathetic toward Rip for what he must deal with from his wife. Needless to say, Rip’s personality is not well appreciated by his wife, Dame Van Winkle. The reader gets the notion that Rip is not very good at the whole marriage idea due to the fact that Dame is his third wife. It is mentioned that a wife, â€Å"in some respects, be considered a tolerable blessing; if so, Rip Van Winkle [is] thrice blessed.† (430) Most fairy tales do not include multiple marriages, but these days this is common. Dame was constantly nagging him about his laziness, carelessness and how he was destroying the family. In reality t...

Natural Gas and Oil Horizontal Drilling Technology Thesis

Natural Gas and Oil Horizontal Drilling Technology - Thesis Example As the discussion declares the increased popularity of horizontal drilling led to substantive growths in the achievable length of horizontal boreholes. Currently, horizontal displacements can extend to more than 8,000 feet. On the other hand, technicians have been unable to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of horizontal drilling and wells used in the production of natural gas, although several horizontal wells have previously been used in the production of coal seam gas. According to the report findings an accepted description of what constitutes horizontal drilling has not been written. However, the following is a notable definition that combines the vital components of two noteworthy published definitions: horizontal drilling refers to a process of drilling and implementing, for the purpose of production, a well, which starts as a vertical linear bore, which extends from the earth surface to a sub layer location above the oil or gas reservoir. This target is referred to as the kickoff point, and the extension bears off a curve to traverse the reservoir at the well’s entry point. Thereafter, the arch continues at an almost horizontal attitude tangent to the curve to remain in the reservoir partially or wholly till the required bottom hole location is attained. The mechanical purpose of horizontal drilling is to uncover significantly additional reservoir rocks to a well bore surface than attainable through drilling traditional vertical wells.

Persuasive Email Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasive Email - Essay Example Currently, they are working with one on one programs’ to assist adults in training and are providing basic courses for both children and adults that want to learn how to read. The implementation of the several initiatives by the Read for Life network has grown in demand so much that it now doesn’t have enough tutors for those that are illiterate in the community. As you may know, El Paso, Texas has the highest illiteracy rate in the nation, and three other Texas cities are in the top 10 with the highest illiteracy rate. You may also know that the literacy centers in the area are not available to those who have strenuous jobs, one parent families, odd working hours or to those who are in need financially1. By joining this venture, you will be giving back in one of the most needed areas of the community, while assisting a non – profit organization that is growing in demand. If you are interested in volunteering for Read for Life, please speak with me or contact Read for Life through the library, where they hold tutoring classes daily. I am willing to give volunteers 2 hours of paid time from work to volunteer and assist two adults per week. You will be able to take this time from work to help illiterate adults with one on one interaction while assisting a continuous need in the community. If you are interested in volunteering during hours that are outside of work, you can also speak with me about finding a representative for Read for

What is productivist agriculture; what are its related problems and Essay

What is productivist agriculture; what are its related problems and how and why is agriculture changing in the UK - Essay Example which facilitated the continued expansion of agricultural production. Other conceptualizations have stressed on the frequently environmentally destructive nature of productivist agriculture, based on the maximisation of food production through the application of ever-more intensive farming techniques and biochemical inputs (Wilson, 2007: 80). Thesis Statement: This paper proposes to identify the implications of productivist agriculture, determine the problems related to productivist agriculture, and investigate the ways in which, and the reasons why agriculture is changing in the United Kingdom. Productivist agriculture is conceptualized mainly as industrially driven agriculture for production of high quantities of food, which is strongly supported by the state through subsidies and a productivist policy regime. Productivism should be seen as the practice of using farmland to its full potential, creating a mechanistic landscape appearance that reflects the production process. Productivism is also referred to as an era that is a significant part of 20th century historical development in agricultural change, mostly as a reaction towards food shortages after the Second World War† (Egoz et al, 2001: 177). The productivist era lasted from 1945 to mid-1970s. During the years of the second world war from 1939 to 1945, many rural areas underwent a marked increase in their economic conditions. As part of the war effort, the government initiated a â€Å"ploughing up† campaign in order to reduce reliance on imported food. In compliance with the Barlow and Scott reports the initiatives facilitated a transformation in the government’s approach to the rural economy in the post-war years. Governmental policy promoted the preservation of rural land for agricultural production. The economy entered the productivist era, while there was increasing tension between

Modern Society Mass Media Is Everywhere Media Essay

Modern Society Mass Media Is Everywhere Media Essay Mass media has three major effects on our society. First, it teaches us the signifiers of the culture; secondly, it puts issues into the agenda; thirdly, it offers solutions to binary oppositions and teaches us what behaviors [behaviours] are preferred or at least accepted within the dominant ideology. Thus values and behaviour of youths are strongly influenced by the mass media like newspapers, television, radio, video, and the Internet. Mass media is categorised into three groups, the print media (newspaper, journals, etc.), electronic media (television, radio) and the new-age media (the Internet, mobile phones, and computers). (Uttara, 2000) [5] In this essay, I will focus particularly on free-to-air television programme and the web, how they are not the main causes of moral decay in youths today. First, exposure to violence images through television programme does not cause violence in youths but decrease the probability of being aggressive. However, we often see public pushing blames towards the television programmes. Exposure to aggressive stimuli will increase physiological and emotional arousal, which will increase the probability of violence. (Dr. Mark, n.d.) [3] Thus it is often said that television is a good candidate for the cause of the increase in violence in the society. But, on the other hand, an online document, disagrees that exposure to violence images cause violence in youths and pointed out two theories; Reinforcement theory and Aggressive Cues theory. The Reinforcement theory explains that whether youths turn towards aggressive will depend on the background of the youth. If a youth is brought up in a nasty environment, then the youth is going to read violence images as real violence. The Aggressive Cues theory further point out that whether the youths get ne gatively influenced, all depends on how the media presents these images; if the violence is presented in a justifiable way, then youths can be lead to combative behaviour and vice versa. (Mass Media and Society, n.d.)Â  [7] However, the television programmes shown on television portray violence in an appropriate way. Take Point of Entry as an example; it portrays violence as a negative form for problem solving. William Triplett (2007). [9] agreed that exposure to violence does not cause moral decay in youths, [All babies are born with violent tendencies, which most kids learn to control as they grow older.] Thus exposure to violence scenes is not responsible for the moral decay in youths but depends on the way the youth is being brought up, where parents and guardians come into place. Secondly, with respect to how both television and the net not cause moral decay in youths. Easy accessibility to sexual images does not necessarily cause youths to be sexually arouse. However, through the internet, we often see sources stating society is degenerating because of the ready accessibility in pornography. (Dr. Mark, n.d.) [3] It is said that early exposure to pornography through the web causes youth early maturity, thus an increase in number of sexual activities at an earlier age. Why both the web and television does not cause decay in youths moral is because firstly, the reinforcement theory, a theory that implicates that whether a youth gets negatively or positively influenced depends on the youths background. Children who are sexually abused are going to read sexual signifiers differently than children whose parents demonstrate a loving, caring relationship and explain sexual behaviors [behaviours] to their children. (Dr. Mark, n.d.) [3] Thus the message that had been brought over to youths depends entirely on how the youth interpret it. Besides, having early exposure to sexual images not only prepare the youths with the basic knowledge of sex but also avoid impropriate action done on youths without them knowing that it is wrong. Therefore I conclude that both the web and television does not cause moral decay in youths but actually educates them and prepare them for the future. Thirdly, how television programme and web not cause moral decay in youths, like materialism. Materialism in youths is not caused by the advertisements from both the free-to-air programmes and the net. Through the web, often see people pointing fingers towards the television programmes and the Internet example, Richins Dawson (1992). [6] pointed out that [P]eople view material possessions as a symbol of success and the source of happiness in life. [1] Thus it is said that advertisements motivate consumers to spend unnecessarily; causing youths to be materialistic. However, it is neither the television nor the Internet that causes materialism in youths. It is due to both peer pressure and self-esteem. Many youths feel insecure with their look and status because they feel that they are not fashionable or look good enough as compared to their friends and thus need to depend on accessories to get acknowledged by peers and to feel secure. Deborah Roedder John, and co-author Lan Nguyen Cha plin, (Materialism in Kids and Adolescents linked to Self Esteem, n.d.) [8] have done two experiments with children and found out that the level of materialism is directly proportional to their self-esteem and this proper pride comes from among the peers. In the first experiment, they found that materialism rate increases from the age of 12 onwards but after which declines by the age of 16 to18 years old and this mirrors a patterns in the youths sense of pride. They continued with their second experiment to support materialism is not caused by the television and web. In the second experiment, positive feedbacks were given to the targeted youths from their peers; positive remarks about them, and after which, result shows that the level of materialism decreases simultaneously. Thus it is the peers around who are responsible for the increase in level of materialism and not the television programme or the net. Fourth, with respect to the misunderstanding, that both television and the Internet cause moral decay in youths. Parents and guardians are responsible for the moral decay in youths. A research had been done from the United States: 43 % of teens in the US have used drugs and alcohol at least once. Around 1 million teens have left their homes and half of them live as delinquent (naughty) boys and girls and the other half are drug users. About 2,000 teens from the age of 10 to 19 years old commit to suicide each year. Most of them come from wealthy families that are not harmonious. (Maxi, 2007) [4] From this result, it shows that family without parents or guardians love, care and concern will cause them to become ignorant. Without parents or guardians watch over, teens will be able to access any type of media content, and cause youths to get negatively influenced by the restricted sites or aggressive programmes. Thus parents should be responsible as they have the right and should watch over the programmes selected by the youths; prevent them from watching inappropriate videos and visiting restricted sites. Besides watching over the programmes selected, parents should also communicate more with their child and understands their need and enlighten them to avoid misinterpretation over the content from the programmes viewed. Thus, I conclude that parents and guardians are responsible for the cause moral decay in youths. With the appropriate guidance from young, youths will not misapprehend the message brought over to them from the images watched. Lastly why television and the Internet not cause moral decay is because both online resource and the television programmes provide youths with educational knowledge. In the past, most teachers conduct their lessons using either verbal communication or at most with additional notes. Although teachers are still using this method to teach in the class today, students are learning facts and values from the mass media especially through the net and television programs. (Bukhari, 2006, p.111) [1] In school, the time slot given to moral education is limited, foremost two hours each week, thus youths cannot learn much morals in school. In fact, with more time given for moral lessons do no help improve the morals in youths. According to Cheung (n.d.). [2] [[T]eachers find it difficult to teach values and attitudes while pupils find moral lessons boring.] and state that [TV [Television] has become childs third parent and a first teacher] [Exposed to media messages, pupils may be imperceptibly but strongly influenced by the values behind such media message.] (p.62) Between moral education in class and through virtual images, the web resources enhance youths interest in learning more. [This technological escalation has bestowed upon education proliferation of equipment and materials which can assist in the reorganization and redefinition of educational experiences.] (Bukhari, 2006, p.111) [1] Therefore I conclude that both the television programme and the Internet does not cause moral decay in youths but on the other hand teach them morals. In conclusion, both the Internet and free-to-air programmes plays an important role in shaping youths culture but not the main cause of moral decay in youths. The mass media is an amoral system; the existence of inappropriate media content is because of the supporting subscribers that sustains its survival. The medias responsibility is to bring happiness and satisfaction to the receivers. With the precise preference, youths will not get negatively affected by both the net and television. Moreover, if youths got in contact with these inappropriate shows, parents should explain the correct message behind the scene to avoid misapprehend of content. Both the Internet and television programmes provide educational visuals. Therefore I conclude that both the Internet and television are not the main cause of moral decay in youths.

Samuel Coleridges Poem Kubla Khan Essay -- Poem Poet Coleridge Kubla

Samuel Coleridge's Poem Kubla Khan In the poem Kubla Khan by Samuel Coleridge, language is used to convey images from Coleridge’s imagination. This is done with the use of vocabulary, imagery, structure, use of contrasts, rhythm and sound devices such as alliteration and assonance. By conveying his imagination by using language, the vocabulary used by coleridge is of great importance. The five lines of the poem Kubla Khan sound like a chant or incantation, and help suggest mystery and supernatural themes of the poem. Another important theme of the poem is that of good versus evil. The vocabulary used throughout the poem helps convey these themes in images to the reader. In the first two lines, Coleridge describes the ‘pleasure dome’ in Xanadu. In Xanadu did Kubla Khan a stately pleasure dome decree Kubla Khan did not merely order, but decree that a ‘stately pleasure dome’ be built. This dome is evidence of how unnatural the place of Xanadu is, it has a ruler who ignores the unpleasantness that can be found in life. The use of vocabulary challenges and teases the imagination into seeing what he, Coleridge saw in his dream. In Xanadu, there are not small streams, but ‘sinuous rills’ and wall and towers do not enclose the gardens but are ‘girdled round’. Coleridge’s use of language and vocabulary helps to convey the extent of his imagination. In the poem Kubla Khan, imagery is also important for Coleridge to convey his imagination to the reader. There are images of paradise throughout the poem that are combined with references to darker, more evil places. On example of this is the ‘demon lover’ that has bewitched the woman. Coleridge’s image of the ‘dome of pleasure’ is mystical, contradicting the restrictions of realism. Xanadu is also a savage and ancient place where pure good and pure evil are much more apparent than in the monotony of everyday living. By using images, Coleridge conveys the extent of his imagination to readers. The structure of Kubla Khan is really in two parts. The first, which contains three stanzas, describes Xanadu as if Coleridge is actually there, experiencing the place first hand. The second part of the poem is filled with longing to be in Xanadu, but Coleridge is unable to capture the experience again. The first stanza has a definite rhythm and beat and describes the beauty and sacredness of Xanadu with rich,... ...tant threat of destruction. ‘Ancestral voices prophesying war’ could be likened to God’s warning to go near the tree, as Eve fell for the snake’s treacherous charm. Coleridge describes the river as ‘sacred’ on numerous occasions throughout the poem, and to Xanadu as ‘holy and enchanted’. This is yet another contrast, how can something holy be enchanted at the same time? Coleridge talks too of ‘miracles’ but mingled with the holiness, Coleridge refers to hell with his choice of language to depict what is outside the pleasure dome. The demons described are closely related to witchcraft and the closing lines of Kubla Khan describe pagan rituals that attempt to protect not only the reader, but also Coleridge himself from the forces of evil and the extent of his imagination. Coleridge, having ‘drunk the milk of paradise’ desired and sought after the beautiful image of Xanadu and Utopia and his final stanza is his way to describe to the reader how badly he wants to go back there. By using his wide vocabulary to depict images and contrasts with the help of some literary techniques such as imagery and contrasts, Coleridge easily conveys to the reader the extent of his imagination.

Relationship Between Satisfaction with Life To Social Network Size Essay

Abstract     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dilemma in society are how to pursue pleasure or a source of happiness. The effect that society has on a individual leaves them oblivious to the source of gratitude. Simple acts of kindness are akin to the source of what people find most important.   The data that was used to answers the personal questions that were designed to determine the statistical source of the personality type.   The attributes of a personality type that contribute to the situation are statistically proven. The personality types that become involved with others individuals find themselves in a similar situation.   The relevance of the importance topic pertains to the effect on the individuals and those that they involve.   The information will help develop the future behavior that is attributed to kindness. Research that could have an effect on the ability to continue with the conscious habits of appreciation.   The natural tendencies of people as they seek satisfaction in life should always be aware of how their surroundings affect their neighbors. Statement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The personality types that are inclined to be involved in efforts that are for the greater good.   The studies that have tract the ability of a mind and its efforts to involve the humanitarian efforts through conscious efforts or non- conscious habits.   The ideology that is strived for as the various mindsets that are guided in the practicality of gratitude, in every facet of existence.   There are different mindset that are attributed to their expected outcome of a situation.   It has been studied that there are few rational that can explain the motivations of an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every individual can be categorized as their physical descriptions eliminate the possibilities.   The methods that are used to determine the psychological profile of the individual also is categorically determined.   The determination of the personality types is commonly referred to as the Big Five.   This offer the determination of the extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.   These characteristics that are used to determine the tendencies of an individual are often seen in their persona or attitude.   Every individual was aware of their participation and the data that was to be collected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research that has been accumulated has a further understanding of the motivation that allows others to be assisted   by their physical determinations. The further science can be explained as to the reasons of or what creates gratitude, the quicker a mind can be assisted in realizing another perspective.   At the conclusion of a study the   participants were realizing that their behaviors were measured only for data; however, the conscious decision to include this new behavior in their own life is a personal choice. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The objectives that have been stated throughout the research was to determine the reasons for gratitude and the motivation that leads one to involve it in their lifestyle.   A publication by Health Psychology was used to determine the scale of dispositional optimism. The efforts that are needed in society can be developed by having the conscious mindset that is conducive to the philanthropic contribution.   Those that seek the emotional effect that it has on their life is directly linked to the gratitude that they exhort in common situations. The recent efforts to examine the problems that are linked to the lack of social awareness or concerns that are a direct correlation to the efforts of any individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The triangulation of the tendencies that are to be a desired behavior in society and its resulting actions.   The surveys that was conducted in 1985, pertained to life’s orientation of how it was used to determine the optimism and expectancy.(SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) Questionnaire was regularly   handed out in efforts to ascertain the need of self consciousness.   The health concerns that related to the survey were between the related theories and the orientation of the scale. The different tests have been previously designed by other psychologists.   The most important test was the designed by Saucer.   It is used to determine the psychological scale known as the Big 5. It categorizes the personality types such as extrovert or introverts and their interactions.   This enabled the team of Belk and Richin to use their materialism tests to determine the scale.   The Belk version is used to measure the pro-sociality and the levels of gratitude.  Ã‚   It assists in determining the life satisfaction, envy, perspective- taking, and spiritual transcendence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similar in design; however, the Richin material test is used calculate the success and happiness.   McCollogh published an article in 2001 that proposed several directions for future research on gratitude that included psychometrics.   The effect of gratitude has motivated the returning of the act.   It presented several issues that had to be answered.   Others that contributed to the research were P.C. Ellsworht and C.A. Smith.   The article- Shades of Joy: Patterns of Appraisal- differentiate pleasant emotions shared in their research that the adjective of loving, grateful, friendly, and admirer had a structure that was a trifold cluster of the satisfaction of the senses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The remaining data that had to be contributed was primarily used to support the research that already been completed.   Butler’s research, 3 studies in 4 years, were all pertaining to the structural equation stated that the one factor solution for the six retaining items were assessed.   It was used to determine the statistics of processing that information in a standardized square. Increasing the likelihood of finding the adequate parameters.   Those various tests were designed to determine the accurate measurement.   The variable tests that are used to compile the data. Thus the information that has been processed through those test is accurate enough to determine the weaknesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concerning that are the three psychological domains are : 1) emotional as the primary concern is the well being   2)social interaction  Ã‚   3)spirituality and religion , all of these have a direct influence into the development of gratitude.   (McCullough et al., 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those that involve themselves have a mentality more empathetic, forgiving, helpful, and supportive.   All those characteristics are trademarks of a productive individual or a conducive environment.   The emotions that one feels is often due to the requirement of those that the individual surrounds themselves.   The people that are noticed by their gaps in their emotional well being are those that need to be aware of their social and spiritual priorities.   According Emmons and Tsung, the trait that are classified by the Big Five (John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991) can be categorized as an individual that is grateful as more extraverted, more agreeable, and less neurotic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The gratefulness as the generic term is applied to many aspects of the mind.   Emotions, disposition, and attributes of an individual all contribute to the person’s willingness or non-conscious efforts in what is considered volunteer work.   The compassion that is conducive to many of the situations that are needed for others to appreciate what is accomplished.   The premise or higher ideology is considered spiritual. Methods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those that were involved in developing the study were following the guidelines that are designed to keep the data resources non bias. The participants were 91 students, 23 male (25.3%), 68 female (74.7%) enrolled in Research Method in Psychology class at the California State University, Fullerton. The demographics were reflective of the populous and the involvement was voluntary. These participants range from 19 years old to 46 years old. The demographics are categorized in the Table 1.   The second study involved 1228 adult volunteers. The majority were women and almost 90% were Caucasian. All of these participants were involved with spirituality and health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To conduct this research participants were ask to complete a questionnaire, which was used to determine demographics and how it affected the tests, PANAS (Watson, Clark, Tellegen), Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, Lepper), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin), Gratitude questionnaire (McCullough, Emmons), Tendency to Forgive Scale (Brown), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg), Life Orientation Test (Scheier), Lubben Social Network Scale (Lubben) and Big Five Inventory Scale (John, Donahue, Kentle). Each participant received a questionnaire that had a description of the study and instructions. The participants were asked to provide some cursory information indicating their gender, age, level of education, and language preference. The PANAS was designed so that the individuals words would describe their different feelings and emotions. The participants were asked to indicate to what extent they have felt each feeling or emotion listed in the past two weeks at the time of the survey. A scale of 1-5 (very slightly or not at all, a little, moderately, quite a bit, extremely) was used to record their answers. The Subjective Happiness   and Satisfaction Life Scale consists of questions to rate how happy the participants perceive themselves to be on a sliding scale.  Ã‚   The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a measure of life’s satisfactions and how they developed by Ed Diener and colleagues (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985). Life satisfaction is one factor that is more of a general construct than a subject that pertains to well being. Theory and research from fields outside of rehabilitation have suggested that subjective well being has at least three components, positive affective appraisal, negative affective appraisal, and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction is distinguished from affective appraisal in that it is more cognitively than emotionally driven. Life satisfaction can be assessed specific to a particular domain of life or globally. The SWLS is a global measure of life satisfaction (Corrigan, 2000). The Life Orientation Test rates how optimistic or pessimistic the participants are in the Lubben social networking which consists of similarly designed questions that involved all aspects of the individuals life. The importance of social ties in the lives of older people has becoming increasingly recognized as strong associations have been consistently found between social support networks for physical and mental health. The Big Five inventory consists of a number of characteristics that may or may not apply to participants. (McCullough et al, 5) The participants were asked to rate the applicability of each characteristic to themselves in a scale of 1-5.   The factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN) or from the Five Factor Model (FFM). This consists of the following 5 factors: urgency, agreeableness, dependability, emotional stability, and culture. Each factor consists of a number of more specific traits. For example, extraversion includes such related qualities as sociability, excitement seeking, and positive emotions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Questionnaires were handed out to all participants in the classroom of research method in psychology at the California State University, Fullerton. Participants were given instructions as a group and were told that participation in this study would be anonymous. It was also stated that they may choose to participate and could withdraw at anytime. The whole session took about 15-30 minutes. Participants were provided informed consent and debriefing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This effort was similar to previous efforts to compile a thorough report that supported the thesis of generosity and the appreciative nature.   The information compiled and addressed several important fundamental aspects of life.         The three studies showed that all indications of a grateful disposition is social desirable.   The data that was used contained self reports examined and how it ranked.   Next, the disposition was calculated from life’s satisfaction of vitality, happiness, hope, and optimism.    The response were then empirically calculated.   Third step was determining the lower order traits that contained the emotions pertaining to well being, willingness, and spirituality aspects that pertain to life and the coping mechanisms that can disable the ability to consciously be thankful and helpful.   The last steps involved bringing the personality traits that are determined by the Big Five and the common association that are in sync or are agreeable. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The results of previous efforts and the most recent data provided support the thesis. The measures of affectivity and life satisfaction in all areas that were tested are conducted to determine the next course of action for testing and retesting as for accuracy.   The information that is issued and used to understand the importance of life satisfactions, vitality, subjective happiness, optimism, and hope. It is to understand these simple concepts that the affectivity and life satisfaction was determined with positive and negative affects that would influence the psychological symptoms.   This includes the variable that resulted in understanding prosociality.   The disposition with empathy and social desirability were used to validate the believe that the spirituality and religiousness would have supported any concept of what and why people are appreciative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The results of the first study that involved the information gathered from the Big Five assessment and variable ranking scale of a certain â€Å"idea† or ideal. The analysis that was used to calculate the self report and the measure of affectivity and life situation with the greatest weight.   This was closely supported by the remaining questions and their assessment as it was placed through the structural equation model.   The statistical equation determined the validity of each section as it is compared. A t-test was conducted to determine whether or not there are social sizes difference in satification with life for people with optimism, and conscientiousness. The results those showed that smaller social network size (mean=4.10) were significantly less satisfied compared to those with life larger social network size (mean=5.05; t(89)= -3.79, p.001). The result showed that there was a strong positive correlation between the Satisfaction with life and the Optimism (r=.54, p.001), there was a strong positive correlation between conscientiousness and satification with life (r=.22, p.04).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effect on an individual’s answer is the influenced by their interaction in certain situations.   The factor that are used to determine the type of person that is in a situation that are agreeable, conscientious, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness.   The types of individuals that one associates with fall into four categories – friend, relative, romantic partners, and coworker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The results of a variable of 39 questions statistically check and recheck so that the validity would be accurate.   When determining the optimism of how the â€Å"Big Five† personality effectors are involved.   It was used to the one factor system of gratitude and vitality. Using the two factor solution fit better as the correlation factors were at r=.46, p

Comparison of American and British English

Comparison of American and British English Many English speakers and do not realize the vast differences between American English and British English. Some might falsely assume that the two are filled with more similarities than differences, and that the rules separating American English and British English are simply finicky points that are arguable and not especially noteworthy. The fact remains that what might be considered inconsequential to some readers can be taken as serious grammatical errors when crossing the Atlantic divide.PunctuationTake, for example, the use of punctuation within quotes. Many American middle and high school students consistently confuse the rules associated with punctuating quotations. The uncertainty is so rampant, that the mystery tends to remain a significant issue during, and even after, the college years. So just where does that period go when there are quotes involved? The answer to this question changes, depending if you are looking at American English or British English grammar rules.In A merican English, it is standard for periods and commas to be placed within quotations:Their teacher dismissed them with a curt class dismissed.There is one dominant exception to this rule, and that is if the quotation is followed by a parenthetical source reference:The political game, according to Smith, seemed far less evasive than the candidates themselves (24).According to British English grammar rules, however, the punctuation is only placed within the quotation marks if it is punctuation that is a part of, or is related to, the quoted text. For example, notice the differences in which the following sentences would commonly be written, depending if the author is following American English or British English grammar rules.American English:A sign on the front door announced that the owners were out to lunch.The names given to the characters were Anabelle, Zach, and Cody.British English:A sign on the front door announced that the owners were out to lunch.The names given to the char acters were Anabelle, Zach, and Cody.With both American English and British English, semi-colons and colons are placed outside of the quotation. Writers and editors who are often confused between the two distinct sources of grammar rules will be happy to find that at least there is agreement with this one aspect of punctuation.SpellingBeyond punctuation, there are several rules relating to spelling that are significant to note. First, words that end in –er in American English typically end in –re in British English (theater vs. theatre). Additionally, words that end in –or in American English typically end in –our in British English (honor vs. honour). Finally, one of the most common differences in spelling is with American English words that contain the suffixes –ize or –yze (also –ization). Such words are generally spelled with –ise or –yse (or –isation) in British English. As with any grammar rule, there are ex ceptions, and any writer or editor who often switches between American English and British English would benefit from studying these instances in depth.Also, one of the little-known rules regarding discrepancies between American and British grammar is with verbs that end in a vowel plus l. In British English, the l in such verbs is doubled before the addition of a suffix that begins with a vowel (travel = traveller). In American English, this is not the case, and the l remains a single letter (travel = traveler). This is an issue that many spell-checker programs will not catch, especially if the program is created within the US.Some words, however, are spelled differently within British English and American English, depending on their usage. For example, while American English uses practice to denote both the noun and verb form of the word (She practiced piano often and The doctors practice was busy), British English uses practice as the noun form and practise as the verb form (She practised piano often and The doctors practice was busy). Similarly, while American English uses license as both a noun and verb, British English spells the noun form as licence and the verb form as license.In many cases with these particular words, the American English version of spelling is acceptable in the UK, as likewise the British English version is acceptable in the US. Most seasoned readers have seen the words spelled in both the British English and American English form, and understand them regardless of which continent they consider as home.Words commonly confusedIn addition to punctuation and spelling, there are words that are commonly confused between British English and American English. The list below is from the Oxford Dictionary:American/BritishJumper/Pinafore DressSweater/JumperEraser/RubberPants/TrousersPanties/PantsChips/CrispsFrench Fries/ChipsA garden in the UK is the same thing as a yard in the US, and a lounge in Britain is the same as a living room in Americ a. Such discrepancies as these abound between the two, and complete lists can be found online.Words not usedThere are many words commonly used in American English that are not used in British English, and vice versa. Words such as burglarize and co-ed are not standard in British English writing, and could confuse audiences when used without contextual clarification. Conversely, some commonly used words in British English can lose their meaning for American audiences (for example, lorry and loo). Anyone who writes or edits for both British and American audiences should study the extensive lists of words that hold different meanings between the two forms of English language usage.

Assumptions in Quantitative Research Essays

Assumptions in Quantitative Research Essays Assumptions in Quantitative Research Paper Assumptions in Quantitative Research Paper Post-positivism allows researchers to examine realities through a variety of measurement tools; thus accessing realities which could elude measurement by direct observation (Giddings Grant, 2007; Schumacher Greener, 1992). Regardless of whether the researcher adopts a positivist or post-positivist philosophy, the description of the paradigms begin with assumptions about the researchers role and relationship to the setting, and by identifying the epistemological and validity assumptions underlying the choice of the role and relationship. The conviction that there is a reality existing outside of the researcher, hat this reality can be observed (ontology), and that knowledge of this reality can be measured objectively (epistemology) are foundational assumptions in quantitative research (Hathaway, 1995). Thus the objects of interest are measured by instruments (e. G. , telescope), the data is examined and analyzed to determine if logical patterns are present, and rational theories are constructed to explain and predict a variety of facts (Hathaway, 1995). Ontologically the researcher assumes that the external reality is comprised of facts that are law-like and provide structure or a theoretical framework to this reality. Physics provides an example of this approach. Methodological and Ontological  Assumptions Empirical-analytical inquiry is characterized by the researchers detached or objective view from the setting under study. This objectivity or detachment is, in part, due to the assumption that the object under study is separate from or independent of the researcher (Eisner, 1981; Smith, AAA; Smith, Bibb). In the empirical analytical view, researchers adhere to the mind-reality duality and the mind is seen as separate from reality (Hathaway, 1995). Another way of considering objectivity is that of being hurry neutral (Schumacher Greener, 1992). This is an extreme view and within the contemporary empirical analytical view, researchers would claim that most inquiry is theory laden (Smith, Bibb). However, with objectivity as the goal, the researcher strives to prevent biases throughout the research process and attempts to control the research design for validity, credibility, and reliability (Burns Grove, 1997). While it is impossible to achieve complete objectivity, cultivating an awareness of potential threats and taking measures to decrease threats whenever possible serves to strengthen the research project. It is important to underscore the intertwined nature of the assumption about objectivity and the assumption that a reality exists outside of the observer. The observer, or researcher, assumes that reality exists outside of the human experience (Carroty, 1998; Polite-OHara et al. , 1991). In other words, there are facts with an objective reality separate from the beliefs of the researcher therefore reality exists regardless of the researchers presence (Firestone, 1987). In a contemporary perspective, reality holds a mediated position between the objective and subjective worlds. Reality affects human beings and unman beings effect reality (Schumacher Greener, 1992). Thus unobservable realities exist and can be represented in theoretical concepts. This line of thinking extends teen assumption AT realty Deanna Tanat wanly can De crossover only Dye slung the senses. An example of an unobservable reality would be a belief that depression is a reality. Depression is not an object that we can observe. Rather we can observe phenomena such as actions, behaviors, and consequences that may be associated with depression. Given this phenomenon, theoretical Judgments are made about what constitutes a theoretical reality of depression. The theoretical construct enables the researcher to design a research project on the subject of depression. Linked to the assumption about reality is the assumption that reality consists of facts or truths that can be known (Hathaway, 1995) and these facts provide the researcher with a theoretical framework to help guide the inquiry (Firestone, 1987). The researcher aims to precisely and define categories based on these facts before the study begins and then determines the relationships between them (Firestone, 1987; Smith, Bibb). Hypotheses establishing a relationship between cause and effect are rived from these categories and only the data that is relevant to them are collected and tested. An extreme critique may be that reality is being actively structured by the researchers prosecuted categories and that this methodology is unduly controlled regarding what is relevant to the study. The assumption underlying this point is the deterministic or linear nature of hypothesis testing. Control is inherent in this method of inquiry which is another underlying assumption of quantitative research. Researchers using a more moderate approach within the post positivist paradigm recognize that research is a human endeavor. They derive their a priori categories from personal beliefs or experience, from theoretical formulation, or from their own or others interpretive research (Hathaway, 1995). Because reality is considered to be relatively stable and researchers are able to observe it, a further assumption is that of objective measurement (Polite-OHara et al. , 1991). The purpose of objective measurement is to gain an understanding about the reality of a phenomenon in an objective manner (Giddings Grant, 2007). Thus, in the act of documenting and measuring, the researcher, in the role of a detached onlooker, reserves objectivity (Hathaway, 1995). In other words, it is essential that the measurement tool(s) and process are objective to gain closer proximity to true knowledge of the phenomenon. Measurement is an important assumption in quantitative research and measurement tools, if properly designed and applied, can lead the researcher to greater understanding about the phenomenon. Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to the phenomenon using some type of rule (Burns Grove, 1997). Before assigning numbers there is an assumption that the measurement tool(s) will be accurate in measuring the phenomenon. For example, if a researcher wants to measure pain, a measurement tool such as a pain scale could be used. Alternatively, the researcher could choose to measure opinions about various pain treatments. In order to measure the opinions, the researcher would assign numbers to the most likely responses observed. In constructing the pain treatment opinion tool(s), it is essential that the measurement tool(s) have an appropriate correspondence to the reality of pain treatment opinions (Polite-OHara et al. , 1991). Thus to accurately measure a phenomenon, the measurement tool(s) must be based on a reality and be as objective as possible. The assumptions of reality, objectivity and measurement are interrelated and integral to the ontology and methodology AT quant I t tattle research. I nose assumptions are essential components in the design of quantitative research projects. An example is if the researcher seeks to understand philosophies of childhood, their assumptions about reality, objectivity, and measurement related to this philosophy are embedded in the designing the research project. There is an assumption that a reality about philosophies of childhood exist. Additionally, there are assumptions that philosophies of childhood can be measured and done so objectively. The researcher would consider how to objectively measure philosophies of childhood when developing the research design. If there were no existing tool(s) to measure the reality of philosophies of childhood, it would be necessary to develop a measurement tool(s) which could accurately measure the phenomenon. In developing the tool, the researcher would make objective theoretical Judgments about what variables (e. G. , psychological, biological, etc. ) would signify this phenomenon. In sum, assumptions that the reality (philosophies of childhood) exists, that such realities are measurable, and that the assortment and process of inquiry are as objective as possible are hallmarks in the quantitative approach to research. Epistemological Assumptions Knowledge within the empirical analytical paradigm has utility if it is generalized. The aim of inquiry is to generalize from the particular and apply a theoretical framework that can be applied universally (Hathaway, 1995). Therefore the aim of generalization is served by the development of universal knowledge. A broad example is research on the efficacy of pain medications. Control and experimental groups are observed to determine the effects of a specific drug. If there is justification to believe it alleviates pain the medication is made available for treating the population at large through a regulated process. Knowledge is also defined by what researchers call data and the selection of meaning. The researcher conducting empirical analytical inquiry makes decisions that will reveal what is generally applicable to all similar situations (Firestone, 1987; Smith, AAA; Smith, Bibb). Taking a critical stance, Habeas (1971) claimed that such inquiry implies a dissociation of knowledge from human interest (Habeas, 2005) and questions the it with individual contexts, values, and preferences. Caution must be taken when considering that the context of discovery may be quite different than the context of practice. Separating the universal from the particular is accomplished through several processes (e. G. , instrumentation and precision) and methodological assumptions (e. G. , measurement techniques) (Hathaway, 1995). The researcher, independent of specific situations under study, determines a set of hypothesized categories based on a priori knowledge and conducts a controlled inquiry to give meaning to phenomena that have significance at a generalized level. Data are considered factual or context-free when they have the same meaning across situations and settings (Hathaway, 1995). Conclusion The decisions researchers make concerning research methods have a direct impact on how they make meaning of their world. By adopting quantitative research, reality is structured and understood in a particular way. In some ways, the choice of quantitative approaches creates the reality we are attempting to discover. By making a choice to conduct quantitative inquiry, we choose our paradigm or assumptions auto teen world (Leaner, BIBB; Hathaway, 1 Assumptions Tanat a realty exalts operate from the researcher, that such realities are measurable, and that the measurement and process of inquiry are as objective as possible are hallmarks of quantitative research. References Lender, J. S. (1986). Educational research: A personal and social process.

Learning ,development- education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning ,development- education - Essay Example But as she reached the level of grade 6 her problems started. She started showing apathy for learning or in studies for that matter. From her own version it came to be known that she finds the instructional material difficult. Her inability to understand the learning material could be considered the actual cause of this gradual recoiling from studies. At this stage the main point of concern is the cause of Jenny’s decreasing grasping power or academic receptivity. Previous record shows that Jenny has no intelligence deficit or learning disability symptoms. So it is assumed that she is suffering from acute loss of motivation. At this point the transition to grade 6 or a comparatively higher educational grade has played a significant role in unnerving her. Being promoted to the senior class along with facing a new and qualitative standard of study material has probably created a mental block and as a result she has become demoralized and self-doubting. Her position can best be described as having lack of academic resilience (Martin, 2002). In education academic resilience among students is essential in persistently maintaining a standard because as one climbs to higher grades the standard of education increases and so does expectation from students. According to the expectancy value theory, students look for both motivation for success and the ‘incentive value of the goal’ (Hootstein, 1994). Jenny is facing this typical problem and as she cannot come out of it she is gradually getting de-motivated. From this point of view it could be said that Jenny has little academic resilience (Martin, 2002). Firstly she cannot understand that such a mental block and thereby loss of focus is natural and it is curable. Secondly Jenny has to develop resilience to accept failure and fight back with renewed energy. The promising part of Jenny’s case is that she has only lost her motivation that requires to be regained with proper care and guidance

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist experience Essay

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist experience - Essay Example 109). This implies that the application of an array of communications- and computer-assisted, and electronic technologies are being used to a greater extent to improve the performance and implementation of business operations in the tourism industry, and to enhance tourist experience. One of the primary functions of ICTs is the processing and speeding up of information flow to and from the customers. In addition to the World Wide Web, other technology devices, such as smartphone and GPS, have boosted the tourist experience (Mamaghani, 2009; Cantoni, Kalbaska, & Inversini, 2009). Homogenisation of communication technologies allows global reception of mobile phones. Tourists use GPS to quickly and conveniently acquire directions and information about present locations. The combination of standard technologies and systems also has given suppliers the opportunity to lessen costs, and enhance the tourist experience. For instance, airline businesses launched mobile check-in by combining th e check-in procedure with the newest mobile phone technologies (Frew, 2000; Kourtit et al., 2011). Customers gain from further ease or convenience and the tourism sector gains from cost efficiency by supplanting employees with kiosks. Other technologies that the tourism sector can use nowadays in order to enhance the tourist experience are the QR Code, augmented reality, MP3 guide, and geolocation marketing. Quick Response (QR) Codes are a kind of barcode that can be seen through QR reading gadgets such as smartphones. QR Code can be used by tourists to access addresses, maps, and locations through their mobile phones (Hall & Williams, 2008). Augmented reality is a latest technology that erases the line separating what is unreal and what is real by improving people’s senses. This technology is guiding tourists and gives them a surreal experience of magnificent tourist destinations (Conrady, 2010, p. 248). MP3 guide provides tourists access to maps, from historic destinations to the most popular attractions. This technology eliminates the need for tour guides, and makes the tourist experience convenient and trouble-free (Conrady, 2010). Geolocation is a process of detecting a physical location using a wireless device. It can detect a person’s longitude and latitude coordinates to identify his/her precise position. The tourism sector may use geolocation marketing to enhance its services by making local information available to its customers. Tourism businesses may concentrate its marketing efforts and advertise to local populations (Yunker, 2010, p. 76). Geolocation marketing is giving the tourism sector the opportunity to show services that are offered in specific locations. ICTs in Tourism Much of the progress in the tourism industry is rooted in technology processes and facilities that businesses buy for their standard activities. Recently, ICT systems have produced numerous process innovations. Processing of accounts, checking in of guests, and bookings has become considerably downsized, and additional facilities for maintenance made operations more versatile and flexible (Zhou, 2004; Ruiz-Molina, Gil-Saura, & Moliner-Velasquez, 2010). Cooper and colleagues (1998 as cited in Page & Connell, 2006, p. 44) have observed that these ICTs are